Singapore has 0% CGT on gains | Activity | Taxable? | Tax Type | Rate | Reporting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airdrops | Yes | Income | 5-35% | Always |
| Crypto-to-crypto | Yes | Withholding tax | 0.21% gross | Always |
| DeFi lending | Unclear | Income | Varies | Unclear |
| Gifts received | No | - | 0% | No |
| Holding | No | - | 0% | No |
| Liquidity provision | Unclear | Income | Varies | Unclear |
| Mining income | Yes | Income | 5-35% | Always |
| NFT sale | Yes | Withholding tax | 0.21% gross | Always |
| Salary/payment in crypto | Yes | Income | 5-35% | Always |
| Sell for fiat | Yes | Withholding tax | 0.21% gross (domestic) / 1% (overseas) | Always |
| Staking rewards | Yes | Income | 5-35% | Always |
| Wrapped tokens | Unclear | - | Varies | Unclear |
Indonesia operates an unusual tax system for cryptocurrency: rather than taxing gains on disposal, a final withholding tax is applied to gross proceeds on every sale — regardless of whether a profit was made. Crypto is classified as a commodity (not a financial asset or currency) under Bappebti, the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency, which licenses crypto exchanges. The tax framework has been updated by PMK 50/2025, which tightened oversight of crypto transactions and exchange requirements. VAT on crypto transactions was removed in August 2025, reducing the overall cost of trading. The framework is functional and practically clear for domestic exchange users, though it is not a gain-based system and therefore mechanically different from most other jurisdictions covered here.
A final withholding tax of 0.21% is levied on the gross proceeds of every crypto sale executed on a Bappebti-registered domestic exchange. This is not a tax on gains — it applies to the total sale proceeds regardless of what was paid for the asset. Selling cryptocurrency at a loss still triggers the 0.21% withholding on the proceeds received. The tax is withheld automatically by the registered exchange at the point of sale and remitted to the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) — the seller receives proceeds net of the withholding and has no further obligation for domestic exchange transactions.
The effective economic impact is very low for profitable trades. On a sale of IDR 10,000,000 (approximately USD 620), the withholding is IDR 21,000 (approximately USD 1.30). The system is simple and the compliance burden for domestic exchange users is essentially zero — the exchange handles everything automatically.
For trades executed on overseas (non-Bappebti-registered) exchanges, the withholding rate is 1% of gross proceeds — approximately five times higher than the domestic rate. This differential is a deliberate regulatory instrument to encourage use of licensed Indonesian platforms. Individuals using international exchanges must self-report and remit the 1% withholding via their annual SPT tax return, as no automatic withholding occurs. The higher rate and the self-reporting obligation together create a meaningful compliance gap for individuals using offshore platforms.
VAT on crypto transactions was removed in August 2025 following a government review that recognised the practical difficulty of applying VAT to digital asset trading. Prior to this, a 0.11% VAT applied to transactions on domestic exchanges in addition to the income tax withholding. The removal reduced the all-in cost of trading on registered Indonesian platforms and has been received positively by the domestic exchange ecosystem.
Bappebti licenses crypto exchanges as commodity trading platforms. As of 2024, exchange oversight has been transitioning toward the Financial Services Authority (OJK) under a regulatory consolidation initiative. Exchanges operating without a Bappebti/OJK licence are not permitted to offer services in Indonesia. The PMK 50/2025 regulation tightened transaction monitoring requirements for registered exchanges and established clearer rules on reportable event thresholds.
Individuals trading exclusively on Bappebti-registered domestic exchanges have minimal reporting obligations — the withholding is final and automatic, and no additional declaration is required for those transactions. Individuals using overseas platforms must report and remit the 1% withholding via the annual SPT (Surat Pemberitahuan) tax return, filed by 31 March for the prior calendar year. Indonesia has committed to implementing CARF by 2027.
Indonesian tax residency is established by physical presence of more than 183 days in a 12-month period, or by intention to reside in Indonesia. Tax residents are subject to worldwide income taxation at progressive rates of 5–35% on income above the non-taxable threshold. For crypto investors, the withholding framework on exchange sales applies equally to residents and non-residents trading on Indonesian platforms. There is no specific crypto visa or incentive programme for foreign investors — residency routes follow standard immigration categories (KITAS for temporary stay, KITAP for permanent residence).
Indonesia does not impose a wealth tax. There is no deemed disposal event on establishing residency, and no mandatory declaration of foreign crypto assets as a precondition of residency. The principal tax consideration on arrival is the shift from non-resident to resident status, which brings worldwide income (beyond the exchange withholding) into scope of Indonesian income tax.
Indonesia does not impose an exit tax on individuals. Tax residency ceases when the individual is no longer domiciled or ordinarily resident in Indonesia. Outstanding SPT returns for years of Indonesian residency should be filed before departure. Indonesia has committed to CARF by 2027, and transaction data on Indonesian-resident users of Bappebti-registered exchanges will be shared with treaty partners once implemented.
| Software | Rating | Indonesia Support | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoinLedger Recommended | 4.8/5 | Excellent | From $49/yr | Try CoinLedger → |
| Recap | 4.7/5 | Excellent | From £99/yr | Try Recap → |
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| TaxBit | 3.7/5 | Excellent | From Free (individual) | Try TaxBit → |
